Taufiq, A., Jubhari, Y. and Amaliah, N. 2025. Pedagogical Innovations for Enhancing ESP Students’ Speaking Competence in the Digital 21st Century: Challenges and Practical Implications. EDULEC : Education, Language, and Culture Journal. 5, 3 (Dec. 2025), 327–342. DOI:https://doi.org/10.56314/edulec.v5i3.436.